2019年高考真题和精品模拟题分项汇编专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气 (解析版).doc
2019 年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编 专题 02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气 一、 2019 年高考真题 1.【 2019· 江苏卷 · 单项填空 】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten perances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐 家与他的乐队成员已经完成了 十场演出。由 “ in the last three months” 可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除 AD 选项。本句主语为 the musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的 “ along with his band members” 是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第 三人称单数形式。故选 B。 2.【 2019· 江苏卷 · 单项填空 】 29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there. A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell 【答案 D 【解析】 考查动词 的 时态。句意:他到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在 had arrived 之 后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选 D。 3.【 2019· 江苏卷 · 单项填空 】 31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】 C 【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光 的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句: If+主语 +过去完 成时 +其他,主句:主语 +should(would, could, might)+现在完成时 +其他,故选 C。 4.【 2019· 江苏卷 · 单项填空 】 33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查时态和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在 2022 年北京冬奥会之前安装 5G 终端。表示在将来某 一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时。 “ 5G 终端 ” 和 “ 安装 ” 之间是被动关系,用被动 语态,故选 B。 5.【 2019·天津 卷 · 单项填空 】 2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn t manage it. A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 【答案】 A 【解析】 考查过去完成时。句意:我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。第二个分 句中 “ couldn’ t” 用的是一般过去时,它之前的动作用过去完成时 。故选 A。 6.【 2019·天津 卷 · 单项填空 】 8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【答案】 C 【解析】 本题考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据 last week 可知应用过去时,排除选项 A和 B。 as well as 连接并列主语,谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语 是 Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选 C。 7.【 2019·天津 卷 · 单项填空 】 14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【 答案】 D 【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根 据上句 the workers were not better organized 可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子 结构为:从句: If+主语 +过去完成时 +其他,主句:主语 +should(would, could, might)+现在完成时 +其他,故 选 D。 9.【 2019·新课标 I 卷 ·语法 填空 】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】 are 【解析】时态和 考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining,此处数词 six 作主语,代指前文中的 “ polar bear subpopulations” ,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填 are。 10.【 2019·新课标 II 卷 ·语法 填空 】 Picking up her“ Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had 以及 said 可知用一般过去时态,故填 declared。 11.【 2019·新课标 II 卷 ·语法 填空 】 I don t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years 【答案】 are 【解析】 考查 动词的时态 。根据该定 语 从句中 的 时间状语 “ over the years” 可知,此处用现在完成时态,句 意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。 12.【 2019·新课标 II 卷 ·短文改错】 And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 【答案】 And the other iswas that I wanted to help people in need. 【解析】 考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时,且与最后一句并列的 “ one was that…” 用的 也是一般过去时,所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将 is 改为 was。 13. 【 2019 · 新 课 标 III 卷 ·语法 填空 】 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木 瓜 )and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. 【答案】 recommended。 【解析】 考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购 物和参观的地方。 “ and” 前后两个动作 “ shared” 与 “ recommended” 是并列关 系,时态一致。故填 recommended。 13.【 2019·新课标 III 卷 ·语法 填空 】 On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars 【答案】 were invited。 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由 “on the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根 据句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为 we,故填 were invited。 二、 2019 届模拟题 1.【 江苏省盐城中学 2019 届 高三年级质量检测 】 If she ________ generous as she makes out , she would have donated more money in the catastrophe. A. had been B. were C. would be D. was 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查虚拟语气 。从句首的 if(如果)与主句的 would have done(早就做 … )可判断本题考查虚拟 语气,并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设,所以 if 从句用一般过去式, be 动词要用 were。 虚拟语气中, be 动词的一般过去时只能用 were 不能用 was,故选 B。 【点睛】 If 条件状语从句的虚拟语气: 1.表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句: If+主语 +动词一般过去时 (Be 动词用 were);主句:主语 + should/would/might/could+do.如 If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句: If+主语 +had+done;主句:主语 +should/would/might/could+have done.如 If I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) 3.表示与将来事实相反 从句:① if+主语 +were to do② if+主语 +should+do③ if+主语 +动词一般过去式( be 动词用 were);主句 :主语 +should/would/might/could+do.如 If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话, 我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能) 温馨提示: if 引导的虚拟语气,如果 if 省略,则将助动词 had、情态动词 should 或 be 动词 were 提到主语的前面。 2.【 江苏省盐城中学 2019 届 高三年级质量检测 】 When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they ________ in the countryside. A. will do B. had done C. have done D. were doing 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查过去完成时。句意:我父母刚来城市的时候,经常去邻居家聊天,就像他们在乡下经常做的 那样。这是一个 when 引导的时间状语从句加 just as 引导的方式状语从句。方式状语从句的主句使用的时态 是一般过去式( went to neighbors for a talk),从句发生的动作在主句动作之前,所以使用过去完成时。故选 B。 3.【 江苏省盐城中学 2019 届 高三年级质量检测 】 he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it. A. shall B. must C. may D. need 【答案】 A 【解析】 考查情态动词。句意:法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。 A. shall用于第二、第三人 称,则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。 B. must( 必须,一定)用于肯定句。 C. may(可以,能够) 表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。 D. need (表示没有必要或询问是否有必要 ) 需要;故选 A。 4.【天津市 南开中学 2019 届高三年级校模拟考试 】 —I spend two weeks in Beijing last year. —Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, ________ you? A. mustn’t B. didn’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t 【答案】 B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意: ——去年我在北京呆了两周。 ——那么你在逗留期间一定参观过长城,是 吗 ?题中 last summer 表示的是一个确定的过去时间,可认定 must have visited 是对 “过去 ”的推断 , 用一般过 去时反问。此处是反意疑问句,前半句肯定,后半句应该用否定形式,故选 B。 5.【天津市 南开中学 2019 届高三年级校模拟考试 】 She ________ to someone on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away. A. talked B. has talked C. had talked D. was talking 【答案】 D 【解析】 考查时态。句意:她正在和别人通电话,所以我只是向她点点头就走了。此处表示过去某一时刻 正在进行的动作,所以用过去进行时态,故选 D。 6.【天津市 南开中学 2019 届高三年级校模拟考试 】 The bus would not have run into the river ________ for the bad tempered lady. A. if it were not B. had it not been C. if it would not be D. should it not be 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查 if 从句的虚拟语气。句意:要不是那位坏脾气的女士,公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,从句用过去完成时态,从句中有 had 则 if 省略,把助动词 had 提 到主语前面,故选 B。 7.【 江苏省 南京市 2019 届 高三模拟 】 — Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? — Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes. A. can B. may C. must D. shall 【答案】 C 【解析】 考查情态动词。句意: -不好意思,我把窗户打开你介意吗 ?- 好吧,如果你必须这么做的话。我 可以多穿点衣服。 A. can 能够; B. may 可能; C. must 一定;必须; D. shall会;将。 must 表示偏要,必须要 做的事情,故选 C。 8.【 江苏省 南京市 2019 届 高三模拟 】 — How could they misunderstand me like that? — Just keep silent! It’s the best way to let them know they you wrong. A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查动词时态。句意: -他们怎么能那样误解我呢 ?- 保持沉默 !这是让他们知道他们做错了你的最 好方式。根据 how could 可知这件事情发生在过去,所以用 did you wrong 来表示过去他们错怪了你。故选 B。 9.【 天津市十二所重点中学 2019 届高三毕业班联考 】 The students have decided on a final date by which everyone reading the books assigned by their professor. A. finishes B. finished C. have finished D. will have finished 【答案】 D 【解析】 考查时态。句意:学生们决定了最后的日期,到那时每个人都将读完教授布置的书。根据 “ a final date by which” 可知此处表示将来已经完成的动 作,应该用将来完成时,故 D 项正确。 10.【 天津市十二所重点中学 2019 届高三毕业班联考 】 You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ by turns, you ________ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got 【答案】 D 【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意:你当时不让我开车,如果 我们轮流开车的话,你就不会这么累了。根据 “ You didn’t let me drive.” 判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句要用过去完成时,主句用 wouldn’t have done 结构,故 D 项正确。 【点睛】 注意:表示与将来事实相反的假设时,从句谓语形式为动词过去式( be 用 were) /should+动词原形 /were to+动词原形,主句谓语形式为 would/should/could+动词原形;表示与现在事实相反的假设时,从句谓 语形式为动词过去式( be 用 were),主句谓语形式为 would/should/could+动词原形;表示与过去事实相反的 假设时,从句谓语形式为 had+过去分词,主句谓语形式为 would/should/could have+过去分词。