chapter 1 Managers and Managing 课件.ppt

Managers and Managing 经理和管理,《管理学原理》 主讲教师：柏帆 EMAIL: bf@yxnu.net 电话：18608770196,Managers and Managing,Key Concepts,Organizations 组织 People working together and coordinating their actions to achieve specific goals. Goal: 目标 A desired future condition that the organization seeks to achieve. Management: 管理 The process of using organizational resources to achieve the organization’s goals by. Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling,Managers and Managing,,People,Machinery,Raw materials,Resource 资源,Information,Financial Capitals,The relationship between resource and managers,Managers are the people responsible for supervising the use of an organization’s resources to meet its goals.,,Resource,,Managers,,,The measurement of Organization Performance,Measures how efficiently and effectively managers use resources to satisfy customers and achieve goals. Efficiency: A measure of how well resources are used to achieve a goal. Usually, managers must try to minimize the input of resources to attain the same goal. Effectiveness: A measure of the appropriateness of the goals chosen (are these the right goals?), and the degree to which they are achieved. Organizations are more effective when managers choose the correct goals and then achieve them.,Four Functions of Management,,,,,,,,,Planning,Controlling,Organizing,Leading,Task:选择目标,Task:监控和测量,Task: 合作,Task:协调,,Planning,Planning is the process used by managers to identify and select appropriate goals and courses of action for an organization. 3 steps to good planning : 1. Which goals should be pursued? 2. How should the goal be attained? 3. How should resources be allocated? The planning function determines how effective and efficient the organization is and determines the strategy of the organization.,,Organizing,In organizing, managers create the structure of working relationships between organizational members that best allows them to work together and achieve goals. Managers will group people into departments according to the tasks performed. Managers will also lay out lines of authority and responsibility for members. An organizational structure is the outcome of organizing. This structure coordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve goals.,,Leading,In leading, managers determine direction, state a clear vision for employees to follow, and help employees understand the role they play in attaining goals. Leadership involves a manager using power, influence, vision, persuasion, and communication skills. The outcome of the leading function is a high level of motivation and commitment from employees to the organization.,,Controlling,In controlling, managers evaluate how well the organization is achieving its goals and takes corrective action to improve performance. Managers will monitor individuals, departments, and the organization to determine if desired performance has been reached. Managers will also take action to increase performance as required. The outcome of the controlling function is the accurate measurement of performance and regulation of efficiency and effectiveness.,Management Levels,Organizations often have 3 levels of managers: First-line Managers: responsible for day-to-day operation. They supervise the people performing the activities required to make the good or service. Middle Managers: Supervise first-line managers. They are also responsible to find the best way to use departmental resources to achieve goals. Top Managers: Responsible for the performance of all departments and have cross-departmental responsibility. They establish organizational goals and monitor middle managers.,Three Levels of Management,Top Managers,Middle Managers,First-line Managers,Non-management,The responsibilities of management,控制,Downsizing: eliminate jobs at all levels of management. Can lead to higher efficiency. Often results in low morale and customer complaints about service.,Empowerment: expand the tasks and responsibilities of workers. Supervisors might be empowered to make some resource allocation decisions.,Self-managed teams: give a group of employees responsibility for supervising their own actions. The team can monitor its members and the quality of the work performed.,,,,The roles of management,,Managerial Roles,Interpersonal Roles,Information Roles,Management,Decision Roles,,,,Technical Skills,,,,Conceptual Skills,,,Human Skills,Managerial Skills,Management Challenges,Increasing number of global organizations. Building competitive advantage through superior efficiency, quality, innovation, and responsiveness. Increasing performance while remaining ethical managers. Managing an increasingly diverse work force. Using new technologies.,Thanks for your attention today!,See you next week!,